회상

위로 보이는 사진이 6FL 옵션의 베이스 플레이트이며,

아래로 보이는 사진이 6NF 옵션의 베이스 플에이트이다.

얼추 비슷해 보이지만 자세히 보면 커넥터 좌우로 금색의 단자가 더 있는것이 6NF 이다.

새로구입한 USB Snap-In Adapter for Apple iPhone....

Right, so it's now been almost three weeks since I had the LSD installed on my car, and I suppose it's about time I posted my thoughts. It is the first differential to be installed on a customer car (the very first and prototype exists on the Birds Hartge demonstrator) so I thought it best to wait a while for everything to settle in before writing a review.


Bottom line, it's out-of-this-world extraordinarily amazing!


Here's the original BMW open diff



And another more detailed pic



Here's the new Quaife LSD, fully enclosed obviously



The two side by side



The OEM diff on the left, minus the crown wheel, and the Quaife LSD on the right with the crown wheel installed. See how the crown wheel on the right is secured by bolts? This is the original style of mounting on the BMW diff - for cars produced in 2007 onwards, the crown wheel is welded to the OEM diff and cannot be dismantled by unbolting. Therefore the new style OEM diff has to be machined to release the crown wheel, before an LSD can be installed. More work, greater cost, but same benefits and results



So, other than being amazing, what is it and how different does it make the car feel?


Well, as most of you will know, the fundamental point of a limited slip differential is to facilitate a seamless and transparent transfer of torque across the driven axle to the wheel that at the time has the most physical grip. The Quaife LSD uses a system of helical gears as opposed to locking clutch plates to transfer the torque from side to side. It is installed in the BMW diff housing, filled with oil, and does not need refilling or servicing. It doesn't need running in either - install it, and drive it like you stole it.


In a FWD car, an LSD helps prevent torque-steer and vastly reduces understeer, as when cornering the torque transfers to the outside wheel where there is most grip and will generate much higher cornering forces.


For us, the gains from using an LSD are mainly in vastly enhanced traction and consequently less wheelspin. All of us have experienced the DSC system cutting in, flashing the yellow light, when pulling out of a junction either turning left or right, and needing some speed and acceleration at the same time. It's frustrating when the engine cuts the power to regain traction, when what you actually want is for the car to rocket away so you can safely merge into that gap in traffic.


When I installed the LSD, the first thing I noticed was how much massively hugely better traction was when turning out of a junction. In a normal car the DSC system senses that one of the two wheels is spinning due to lack of traction, and cuts power and/or applies the brake to regain traction. With the LSD, if one wheel starts to spin, the torque is transferred mechanically and seamlessly to the wheel with the most grip, and hey presto you start moving very quickly without the DSC system intervening.


The feeling is quite surreal, because now my exit speeds from corners are so much higher, all down to the increased mechanical grip. No longer do I have to wait for the car to straighten up before I bury my right foot - I can accelerate through a corner and maintain momentum all the way through. Also, hard acceleration in a straight line is improved, as there is a higher threshold before the onset of the DSC system intervening, and therefore a greater rate of acceleration.


However, there is a BUT. Not a big one, but enough to generate caution. You have to learn how to drive your car again if you have a LSD. The reason is that although the threshold before spinning is much higher, when you do finally break traction on BOTH rear wheels, you'll end up drifting and sliding like the pros. The DTC won't intervene early enough to prevent the rear sliding a bit, but the DSC system still works and will brake the rear wheels enough to stop you doing a 360. However, this does mean that if you're not judicious with applying the power with your right foot, you'll end up power-sliding out of corners and around roundabouts, which is great fun, but expensive on rear tyres!


Although I advocate caution above, the reality is that the DSC system flatters our driving skills and all we have to do is to relearn how to regulate our right foot! A huge upside now is that the feel of the car is completely alive in my hands, and I can tell to the absolute last degree what the back end of the car is doing. I can tell when the onset of rear grip is being reached, and when the car is about to slide a bit, and it is sooooo easy to adjust and correct as you're hooning along. Hammering along sweeping bends is a complete revelation, as you can feel the torque transferring from inside to outside, the rear end biting harder into the tarmac and because of the greater feel you have much more confidence in the way the car is handling and can carry greater speed safely through corners. The difference is startling.


Right after installing the LSD I drove down to see James and to compare how my car felt next to his Proceeded 335i. Although we don't have empirical data to show, both of us felt that with the LSD, my standard ECU car was as fast if not faster on initial acceleration and cornering especially than his remapped car. Certainly on the slightly greasy roads on that day, James' DSC light was doing its nut and would have been better just left on rather than flashing a million times a second. He just could not get any traction going up the road. Doing the same thing in mine, we came out of the junction turning 90 degrees right, hammered the throttle mid turn and literally smashed it up the road without even the merest hint of DSC. For sure, once moving up and beyond 60mph, his car is faster due to the extra power, but for cornering and the daily cut and thrust of driving, my standard car is infinitely more driveable and just as quick, if not quicker.


It surprises both of us that in the US, so many people are jumping up and down for big dyno numbers, and wanting 400+hp etc etc, but so few have gone out and addressed the fundamental key of how to go faster - by increasing mechanical grip. On a race track like Brands Hatch, if I were to race James, he wouldn't see which way I went after just a few corners. The difference really is night and day.


What are the downsides? None to my mind - I think it's actually good value at around £1200 fitted for the bolted crown wheel version. Some cars have welded crown wheels, and this adds extra cost due to the additional machine work required - fitted cost of this is around £1700. The only reliable way to tell which form of crown wheel a car has is to visually inspect the OEM differential. However, Birds can give an 80% accurate indication of the likelihood of the installed component.

It is completely invisible to BMW and has no bearing on engine or gearbox reliability. It takes three to four hours to fit, and works with both manuals and autos, petrols and diesels, and although it has been said before that the petrol 335 will benefit the most, I have driven a 535d with an LSD and the difference there is ASTONISHING, because of the amount of torque that diesel mill can generate. With a remap, I think the advantages of the LSD will be even bigger, as you'll have so much more torque and traction available for more of the time.


It's available for 325/330 petrols and diesels as well. I cannot stress how much of a revelation it has made - it makes me think that BMW actually designed the 335i with extra power and an LSD, then decided it was just too damn good so down-specced it with the M3 in mind.


As an aside, I think the ultimate everyday car for the road would be an E92 335d, remapped and with an LSD installed. If only I wasn't such a rev merchant and petrolhead....

P1083 Fuel Control Mixture Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1084 Fuel Control Mixture Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1085 Fuel Control Mixture Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1086 Fuel Control Mixture Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1087 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1088 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1089 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1090 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Lean Bank 1
P1091 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Rich Bank 1
P1092 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Lean Bank 2
P1093 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Rich Bank 2
P1094 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1095 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Switching From Lean to Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1096 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Switching From Lean to Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1097 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response after Coast Down Fuel Cutoff (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1098 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response after Coast Down Fuel Cutoff (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P1111 Engine Coolant Temperature Radiator Outlet Sensor Low Input
P1112 Engine Coolant Temperature Radiator Outlet Sensor High Input
P1115 Coolant Temperature Sensor Plausibility
P1116 Mass Or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Problem (Bank 2)
P1117 Mass Or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input (Bank 2)
P1118 Mass Or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input (Bank 2)
P1120 Pedal Position Sensor Circuit
P1121 Pedal Position 1 Range/Performance Problem
P1122 Pedal Position 1 Low Input
P1123 Pedal Position 1 High Input
P1132 O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1133 O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1134 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1135 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1136 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1137 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittant (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1138 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1139 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1140 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P1145 Solenoid Valve Running Losses Control Circuit Electrical
P1151 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittant (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1152 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1153 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1155 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Intermittant (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P1156 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P1157 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P1158 Fuel Trim Additve Bank 1 Low
P1159 Fuel Trim Additve Bank 1 High
P1160 Fuel Trim Additve Bank 2 Low
P1161 Fuel Trim Additve Bank 2 High
P1162 Fuel Trim Additve Per Ignition Bank 1 Low
P1163 Fuel Trim Additve Per Ignition Bank 1 High
P1164 Fuel Trim Additve Per Ignition Bank 2 Low
P1165 Fuel Trim Additve Per Ignition Bank 2 High
P1174 Fuel Trim Adaptation Additve Bank 1 Malfunction
P1175 Fuel Trim Adaptation Additve Bank 2 Malfunction
P1176 O2 Sensor Slow Response Bank 1
P1177 O2 Sensor Slow Response Bank 2
P1178 O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching From Rich to Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1179 O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching From Rich to Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1180 O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching From Rich to Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1181 O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching From Rich to Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P1182 O2 Sensor (Bank 1 Sensor 2) Open Circuit During Coast Down Fuel Cut-off
P1183 O2 Sensor (Bank 2 Sensor 2) Open Circuit During Coast Down Fuel Cut-off
P1186 O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1187 O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P1188 Fuel Control (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1189 Fuel Control (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1190 Pre-catalyst Fuel Trim System Bank 1
P1191 Pre-catalyst Fuel Trim System Bank 2
P1192 Post-catalyst Fuel Trim System Bank 1
P1193 Post-catalyst Fuel Trim System Bank 2
P1221 Pedal Position Sensor 2 Range/Performance Problem
P1222 Pedal Position Sensor 2 Low Input
P1223 Pedal Position Sensor 2 High Input
P1270 Control Module Self-Test, Torque Monitoring
P1271 Ambient Air Pressure Sensor Electrical
P1283 Switching Solenoid for Air Assisted Injection Valves Bank 1 Control Circuit Electrical
P1284 Switching Solenoid for Air Assisted Injection Valves Bank 1 Control Circuit Signal Low
P1285 Switching Solenoid for Air Assisted Injection Valves Bank 1 Control Circuit Signal High
P1287 Switching Solenoid for Air Assisted Injection Valves Bank 2 Control Circuit Electrical
P1288 Switching Solenoid for Air Assisted Injection Valves Bank 2 Control Circuit Signal Low
P1289 Switching Solenoid for Air Assisted Injection Valves Bank 2 Control Circuit Signal High
P1313 "A" Camshaft Position Plausibility
P1317 "B" Camshaft Position Plausibility
P1327 Knock Sensor 2 (Bank 1) Low Input
P1328 Knock Sensor 2 (Bank 1) High Input
P1332 Knock Sensor 4 Low Input
P1333 Knock Sensor 4 High Input
P1340 Multiple Cylinder Misfire During Start
P1341 Multiple Cylinder Misfire With Fuel Cut-off
P1342 Misfire During Start Cylinder 1
P1343 Misfire Cylinder 1 With Fuel Cut-off
P1344 Misfire During Start Cylinder 2
P1345 Misfire Cylinder 2 With Fuel Cut-off
P1346 Misfire During Start Cylinder 3
P1347 Misfire Cylinder 3 With Fuel Cut-off
P1348 Misfire During Start Cylinder 4
P1349 Misfire Cylinder 4 With Fuel Cut-off
P1350 Misfire During Start Cylinder 5
P1351 Misfire Cylinder 5 With Fuel Cut-off
P1352 Misfire During Start Cylinder 6
P1353 Misfire Cylinder 6 With Fuel Cut-off
P1354 Misfire During Start Cylinder 7
P1355 Misfire Cylinder 7 With Fuel Cut-off
P1356 Misfire During Start Cylinder 8
P1357 Misfire Cylinder 8 With Fuel Cut-off
P1358 Misfire During Start Cylinder 9
P1359 Misfire Cylinder 9 With Fuel Cut-off
P1360 Misfire During Start Cylinder 10
P1361 Misfire Cylinder 10 With Fuel Cut-off
P1362 Misfire During Start Cylinder 11
P1363 Misfire Cylinder 11 With Fuel Cut-off
P1364 Misfire During Start Cylinder 12
P1365 Misfire Cylinder 12 With Fuel Cut-off
P1384 Knock Sensor 3 Circuit
P1385 Knock Sensor 4 Circuit
P1386 Control Module Self-test, Knock Control Baseline Test Bank 1
P1396 Crankshaft Position Sensor Segment Timing Plausibility
P1397 Camshaft Position Sensor "B" Circuit (Bank 1)
P1400 Heated Catalyst Battery Voltage or Current too Low During Heating (Bank 1)
P1401 Heated Catalyst Current too High During Heating (Bank 1)
P1402 Heated Catalyst Power Switch Overtemperature Condition (Bank 1)
P1403 Carbon Canister Shut Off valve Control Circuit Electrical
P1404 Heated Catalyst Current too High During Heating (Bank 2)
P1405 Heated Catalyst Power Switch Overtemperature Condition (Bank 2)
P1406 Heated Catalyst Internal Control Module Checksum/ROM Error
P1413 Secondary Air Injection Pump Relay Control Circuit Signal Low
P1414 Secondary Air Injection System Monitor Circuit High
P1420 Secondary Air Valve Control Circuit Electrical
P1421 Secondary Air System Bank 1
P1422 Secondary Air System Bank 2
P1432 Secondary Air Injection System Incorrect Flow Detected
P1438 Purge Control Valve Control Open Circuit
P1439 Purge Control Valve Control Circuit Signal Low
P1440 Purge Control Valve Control Circuit Signal High
P1441 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Control Open Circuit
P1442 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Control Circuit Signal Low
P1443 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Control Circuit Signal High
P1444 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Control Open Circuit
P1445 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Control Circuit Signal Low
P1446 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Control Circuit Signal High
P1447 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Too High During Switching
P1448 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Too Low During Switching
P1449 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Too High
P1450 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Switching Solenoid Open Circuit
P1451 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Switching Solenoid Control Circuit Signal Low
P1452 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Switching Solenoid Control Circuit Signal High
P1453 Secondary Air Injection Pump Relay Control Circuit Electrical
P1454 Secondary Air Injection Pump With Series Resistor Control Circuit Electrical
P1456 Heated Catalyst Heater Power Supply Open Circuit (Bank 1)
P1457 Heated Catalyst Heater Power Switch Temperature Sensor Electrical (Bank 1)
P1459 Heated Catalyst Heater Power Supply Open Circuit (Bank 2)
P1460 Heated Catalyst Heater Power Switch Temperature Sensor Electrical (Bank 2)
P1461 Heated Catalyst Gate Voltage Signal Low
P1462 Heated Catalyst Internal Control Module Checksum/ROM Error
P1463 Heated Catalyst Battery Temperature Sensor 1 Electrical
P1464 Heated Catalyst Battery Temperature Sensor 2 Electrical
P1465 Heated Catalyst Battery Temperature Sensor 1 or 2 Plausibility
P1466 Heated Catalyst Power Switch Temperature Sensor Plausibility
P1467 Heated Catalyst Comparison Battery Voltages of Power Switches Plausibility
P1468 Heated Catalyst Battery Disconnecting Switch Plausibility
P1470 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Control Circuit Electrical
P1472 Diagnostic Module Tank leakage (DM-TL) Switching Solenoid Control Circuit Electrical
P1473 Diagnostic Module Tank leakage (DM-TL) Pump Current Plausibility
P1475 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Reed Switch Did Not Close
P1476 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Clamped Tube
P1477 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Reed Switch Did Not Open
P1500 Idle Speed Control Valve Stuck Open
P1501 Idle Speed Control Valve Stuck Closed
P1502 Idle Speed Control Valve Closing Solenoid Control Circuit Signal High or Low
P1503 Idle Speed Control Valve Closing Solenoid Control Circuit Signal Low
P1504 Idle Speed Control Valve Closing Solenoid Control Open Circuit
P1505 Idle Speed Control Valve Closing Solenoid Control Circuit Electrial
P1506 Idle Speed Control Valve Open Solenoid Control Circuit Signal High
P1507 Idle Speed Control Valve Open Solenoid Control Circuit Signal Low
P1508 Idle Speed Control Valve Opening Solenoid Control Open Circuit
P1509 Idle Speed Control Valve Opening Solenoid Control Circuit Electrial
P1510 Idle Speed Control Valve Stuck
P1511 DISA Control Circuit Electrical
P1512 DISA Control Circuit Signal Low
P1513 DISA Control Circuit Signal High
P1519 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Bank 1
P1520 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Bank 1
P1522 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Bank 2
P1523 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Signal Low Bank 1
P1524 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Signal High Bank 1
P1525 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
P1526 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 2
P1527 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal Low Bank 1
P1528 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal High Bank 1
P1529 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal Low Bank 1
P1530 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal High Bank 1
P1531 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
P1532 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 2
P1533 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal Low Bank 2
P1534 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal High Bank 2
P1540 Pedal Position Sensor
P1541 Pedal Position Sensor Double Error
P1542 Pedal Position Sensor Electrical
P1543 Pedal Position Sensor
P1544 Pedal Position Sensor
P1545 Pedal Position Sensor
P1546 Pedal Position Sensor
P1550 Idle Speed Control valve Closing Solenoid Control Circuit Electrical
P1551 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
P1552 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
P1556 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
P1560 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
P1564 Control Module Selection
P1565 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
P1569 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 2
P1580 Throttle Valve Mechanically Stuck
P1581 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 2
P1589 Control Module Self Test, Knock Control Test Pulse Bank 1
P1593 DISA Control Circuit Electrical
P1594 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 2
P1602 Control Module Self Test, Control Module Defective
P1603 Control Module Self Test, Torque Monitoring
P1604 Control Module Self Test, Speed Monitoring
P1607 CAN Version
P1608 Serial Communicating Link Control Module
P1609 Serial Communicating Link EML
P1611 Serial Communicating Link Transmission Control Module
P1619 MAP Cooling Control Circuit Signal Low
P1620 MAP Cooling Control Circuit Signal High
P1622 MAP Cooling Control Circuit Electrical
P1623 Pedal Position Sensor Potentiometer Supply
P1624 Pedal Position Sensor Potentiometer Supply Channel 1 Electrical
P1625 Pedal Position Sensor Potentiometer Supply Channel 2 Electrical
P1632 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Adaptation Condition Not Met
P1633 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Limp Home Position
P1634 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Spring Test Failed
P1635 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Lower Mechanical Stop Not Adapted
P1636 Throttle Valve Control Circuit
P1637 Throttle Valve Position Control; Control Deviation
P1638 Throttle Valve Position Control; Throttle Stuck Temporarily
P1639 Throttle Valve Position Control; Throttle Stuck Permanently
P1640 Internal Control Module (ROM/RAM) Error
P1690 Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Electrical
P1734 Pressure Control Solenoid "B" Electrical
P1738 Pressure Control Solenoid "C" Electrical
P1743 Pressure Control Solenoid "E" Electrical
P1744 Pressure Control Solenoid "A" Electrical
P1746 Transmission Control Module Output Stage
P1747 CAN Bus Monitoring
P1748 Transmission Control Module Self Test
P1749 Secondary Pressure Solenoid Communication Error
P1750 Secondary Pressure Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance
P1751 Secondary Pressure Solenoid Open Circuit
P1761 Shift Solenoid Malfunction
P1765 CAN Throttle Valve
P1770 CAN Torque Interface
P1780 CAN Torque Reduction